Dr Harald Hofmann
Adjunct Associate Professor
School of the Environment
Steele Building (3), Room 325
Journal Articles
Raiber, M., Feitz, A.J., Flook, S., Cendón, D.I., Suckow, A., Schöning, G., Hofmann, H., Martinez, J., Maas, R. and Kelly, B.F.J. (2024). Strontium isotopes in the atmosphere, geosphere and hydrosphere: Developing a systematic “fingerprinting” framework of rocks and water in sedimentary basins in eastern Australia. Science of The Total Environment, 951 175522, 175522. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175522
Pearce, J.K., Hofmann, H., Baublys, K., Cendón, D.I., Golding, S.D., Herbert, S.J., Bhebhe, Z., Nguyen, A. and Hayes, P. (2024). Geochemical tracers associated with methane in aquifers overlying a coal seam gas reservoir. International Journal of Coal Geology, 289 104535, 104535. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104535
Al Kalbani, Muhannad, Serati, Mehdi, Hofmann, Harald, Ritchie, Tom and Bore, Thierry (2024). Optimizing in-situ CO2 mineralisation: geomechanics and scalability in dunite and serpentinite rocks - Examples from Australia and New Zealand. Science of the Total Environment, 927 172277. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172277
Cao, Wenran, Hu, Nike, Yan, Guanxi, Hofmann, Harald and Scheuermann, Alexander (2024). Permeability–porosity model considering oxidative precipitation of Fe(II) in granular porous media. Journal of Hydrology, 636 131346, 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131346
Cao, Wenran, Yan, Guanxi, Hofmann, Harald and Scheuermann, Alexander (2024). State of the art on Fe precipitation in porous media: hydrogeochemical processes and evolving parameters. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12 (4) 690, 690. doi: 10.3390/jmse12040690
Cao, Wenran, Hofmann, Harald, Yan, Guanxi and Scheuermann, Alexander (2024). Porewater exchange and iron transformation in a coastal groundwater system: a field investigation, driving mechanisms analysis, and conceptual model. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11 1385517. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1385517
Hofmann, Harald, Pearce, Julie K., Hayes, Phil, Golding, Sue D., Hall, Nick, Baublys, Kim A., Raiber, Matthias and Suckow, Axel (2024). Multi-tracer approach to constrain groundwater flow and geochemical baseline assessments for CO2 sequestration in deep sedimentary basins. International Journal of Coal Geology, 282 104438, 104438. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2023.104438
Wang, Tao, Zhang, Chenming, Ma, Ye, Hofmann, Harald, Li, Congrui and Zhao, Zicheng (2024). Numerical analysis of the abiotic formation and distribution of the “iron curtain” in subterranean estuaries. Environmental Modelling and Software, 171 105894, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105894
Irvine, Dylan J., Currell, Matthew J. and Hofmann, Harald (2023). Celebrating a pioneer in geochemical tracer science for groundwater and surface water research: Professor Ian Cartwright. Applied Geochemistry, 159 105849, 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105849
Dyring, Madeleine, Rohde, Melissa M., Froend, Ray and Hofmann, Harald (2023). Coastal groundwater‐dependent ecosystems are falling through policy gaps. Groundwater, 62 (2), 1-11. doi: 10.1111/gwat.13352
Al Kalbani, Muhannad, Serati, Mehdi, Hofmann, Harald and Bore, Thierry (2023). A comprehensive review of enhanced in-situ CO2 mineralisation in Australia and New Zealand. International Journal of Coal Geology, 276 104316, 1-23. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2023.104316
Zhao, Zicheng, Zhang, Chenming, Cao, Wenran, Hofmann, Harald, Wang, Tao and Li, Ling (2023). Oxidative precipitation of Fe(II) in porous media: laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. ACS EST Water, 3 (4), 963-973. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00458
Pearce, J.K., Golding, S.D., Baublys, K., Hofmann, H., Gargiulo, G., Herbert, S.J. and Hayes, P. (2023). Methane in aquifers and alluvium overlying a coal seam gas region: gas concentrations and isotopic differentiation. Science of the Total Environment, 861 160639, 1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160639
Hofmann, Harald (2023). Estimating the role of bank flow to stream discharge using a combination of baseflow separation and geochemistry. Water, 15 (5) 844, 1-42. doi: 10.3390/w15050844
Pearce, J.K., Hofmann, H., Baublys, K., Golding, S.D., Rodger, I. and Hayes, P. (2023). Sources and concentrations of methane, ethane, and CO2 in deep aquifers of the Surat Basin, Great Artesian Basin. International Journal of Coal Geology, 265 104162, 1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2022.104162
Cook, Peter G., Shanafield, Margaret, Andersen, Martin S., Bourke, Sarah, Cartwright, Ian, Cleverly, Jamie, Currell, Matthew, Doody, Tanya M., Hofmann, Harald, Hugmann, Rui, Irvine, Dylan J., Jakeman, Anthony, McKay, Jennifer, Nelson, Rebecca and Werner, Adrian D. (2022). Sustainable management of groundwater extraction: An Australian perspective on current challenges. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 44 101262, 1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101262
Dyring, Madeleine, Hofmann, Harald, Stanton, David, Moss, Patrick and Froend, Ray (2022). Ecohydrology of coastal aquifers in humid environments and implications of a drying climate. Ecohydrology, 16 (2) e2491. doi: 10.1002/eco.2491
Pearce, Julie, Golding, Suzanne D., Baublys, Kim A., Hofmann, Harald, Gargiulo, Grazia, Herbert, St John and Hayes, Phil J. (2022). Methane in aquifers and alluvium overlying a coal seam gas region: sampling comparison of concentrations and isotopic differentiation. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4231296
Pearce, Julie, Hofmann, Harald, Baublys, Kim A., Golding, Suzanne D., Rodger, Iain and Hayes, Phil J. (2022). Sources and concentrations of methane, ethane, and Co2 in deep aquifers of the Surat Basin, Great Artesian Basin. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4197924
Tyler, Jonathan J., Marshall, Jonathan C., Schulz, Cameron, Barr, Cameron, Hofmann, Harald, Blessing, Joanna J., McCoy, Kelsey, McGregor, Glenn B. and Tibby, John (2022). Hydrological and isotopic variability of perched wetlands on North Stradbroke Island (Minjerribah), Australia: implications for understanding the effects of past and future climate change. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10 868114. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.868114
Pearce, J. K., Golding, S. D., Baublys, K. A., Hofmann, H., Cendón, D. I., Herbert, St. J. and Hayes, P. J. (2022). Multiple tracers for dis-connectivity of shallow aquifers, alluvium, and coal seam gas wells in the Great Artesian Basin. The APPEA Journal, 62 (2), S480-S486. doi: 10.1071/aj21082
Baublys, K. A., Hofmann, H., Esterle, J. S., Cendón, D. I., Vink, S. and Golding, S. D. (2021). Geochemical influences on methanogenic groundwater from a low rank coal seam gas reservoir: Walloon Subgroup, Surat Basin. International Journal of Coal Geology, 246 103841, 103841. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2021.103841
Villa Gomez, D.K., Serrano, A., Peces, M., Ryan, B., Hofmann, H. and Southam, G. (2021). A sequential bioreactor adaption strategy enhanced the precipitation of metals from tailings’ leachates. Minerals Engineering, 170 107051, 107051. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107051
Pearce, J. K., Golding, S. D., Hayes, P., Baublys, K. A., Hofmann, H., Herbert, S. J. and Gargiulo, G. (2021). Gas sources and concentrations in Surat Basin shallow aquifers: a field sampling method comparison, and isotopic study. The APPEA Journal, 61 (2), 707-713. doi: 10.1071/aj20061
Cartwright, Ian, Morgenstern, Uwe, Hofmann, Harald and Gilfedder, Benjamin (2020). Comparisons and uncertainties of recharge estimates in a temperate alpine catchment. Journal of Hydrology, 590 125558, 125558. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125558
Cartwright, Ian, Morgenstern, Uwe, Howcroft, William, Hofmann, Harald, Armit, Robin, Stewart, Michael, Burton, Chad and Irvine, Dylan (2020). The variation and controls of mean transit times in Australian headwater catchments. Hydrological Processes, 34 (21) hyp.13862, 4034-4048. doi: 10.1002/hyp.13862
Hofmann, Harald, Newborn, Dean, Cartwright, Ian, Cendón, Dioni I. and Raiber, Matthias (2020). Groundwater mean residence times of a subtropical barrier sand island. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24 (3), 1293-1318. doi: 10.5194/hess-24-1293-2020
Burke, Bianca, Slee, Adrian, McIntosh, Peter D., Hofmann, Harald and Shulmeister, James (2020). A reactivated cave system induces rapidly developing cover-collapse sinkholes in Tasmania, Australia. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 82 (1), 31-50. doi: 10.4311/2019ES0109
Cartwright, Ian, Morgenstern, Uwe and Hofmann, Harald (2019). Concentration versus streamflow trends of major ions and tritium in headwater streams as indicators of changing water stores. Hydrological Processes, 34 (2) hyp.13600, 485-505. doi: 10.1002/hyp.13600
Baublys, Kim A., Hamilton, Stephanie K., Hofmann, Harald and Golding, Suzanne D. (2019). A strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopic study on the chemical evolution and migration of groundwaters in a low-rank coal seam gas reservoir (Surat Basin, Australia). Applied Geochemistry, 101, 1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.12.020
Gilfedder, B. S., Cartwright, I., Hofmann, H. and Frei, S. (2019). Explicit modeling of radon-222 in HydroGeoSphere during steady state and dynamic transient storage. Groundwater, 57 (1), 36-47. doi: 10.1111/gwat.12847
Cartwright, Ian, Atkinson, Alexander P., Gilfedder, Benjamin S., Hofmann, Harald, Cendón, Dioni I. and Morgenstern, Uwe (2018). Using geochemistry to understand water sources and transit times in headwater streams of a temperate rainforest. Applied Geochemistry, 99, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.018
Siller, Adrian, Hofmann, Harald, Underschultz, Jim, Baublys, Kim and Hudson, Nick (2018). Fractionation processes of δ13C in a soil-shallow groundwater system of a potential CO2 sequestration site: Wandoan, QLD, Australia. Applied Geochemistry, 96, 191-203. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.06.009
Hofmann, Harald, Cartwright, Ian and Morgenstern, Uwe (2018). Estimating retention potential of headwater catchment using Tritium time series. Journal of Hydrology, 561, 557-572. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.030
Cartwright, Ian, Hofmann, Harald, Currell, Matthew and Fifield, L. Kieth (2017). Decoupling of solutes and water in regional groundwater systems: the Murray Basin, Australia. Chemical Geology, 466, 466-478. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.06.035
Cartwright, Ian and Hofmann, Harald (2016). Using radon to understand parafluvial flows and the changing locations of groundwater inflows in the Avon River, southeast Australia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20 (9), 3581-3600. doi: 10.5194/hess-20-3581-2016
Gilfedder, B. S., Frei, S., Hofmann, H. and Cartwright, I. (2015). Groundwater discharge to wetlands driven by storm and flood events: quantification using continuous Radon-222 and electrical conductivity measurements and dynamic mass-balance modelling. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 165, 161-177. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.037
Atkinson, A. P., Cartwright, I., Gilfedder, B. S., Hofmann, H., Unland, N. P., Cendon, C. I. and Chistari, R. (2015). A multi-tracer approach to quantifying groundwater inflows to an upland river; assessing the influence of variable groundwater chemistry. Hydrological Processes, 29 (1), 1-12. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10122
Atkinson, A. P., Cartwright, I., Gilfedder, B. S., Cendon, D. I., Unland, N. P. and Hofmann, H. (2014). Using 14C and 3H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18 (12), 4951-4964. doi: 10.5194/hess-18-4951-2014
Cartwright, Ian, Hofmann, Harald, Gilfedder, Benjamin and Smyth, Britany (2014). Understanding parafluvial exchange and degassing to better quantify groundwater inflows using 222Rn: The King River, southeast Australia. Chemical Geology, 380, 48-60. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.04.009
Cartwright, I., Gilfedder, B. and Hofmann, H. (2014). Contrasts between estimates of baseflow help discern multiple sources of water contributing to rivers. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18 (1), 15-30. doi: 10.5194/hess-18-15-2014
Cartwright, Ian, Gilfedder, Benjamin and Hofmann, Harald (2013). Transient hydrological conditions implied by chloride mass balance in southeast Australian rivers. Chemical Geology, 357, 29-40. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.028
Gilfedder, B. S., Hofmann, H. and Cartwright, I. (2013). Novel instruments for in situ continuous Rn-222 measurement in groundwater and the application to river bank infiltration. Environmental Science and Technology, 47 (2), 993-1000. doi: 10.1021/es3034928
Hofmann, H. and Cartwright, I. (2013). Using hydrogeochemistry to understand inter-aquifer mixing in the on-shore part of the Gippsland Basin, southeast Australia. Applied Geochemistry, 33, 84-103. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.004
Cartwright, Ian, Gilfedder, Benjamin and Hofmann, Harald (2013). Chloride imbalance in a catchment undergoing hydrological change: Upper Barwon River, southeast Australia. Applied Geochemistry, 31, 187-198. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.01.003
Unland, N. P., Cartwright, I., Anderson, M. S., Rau, G. C., Reed, J., Gilfedder, B. S., Atkinson, A. P and Hofmann, H. (2013). Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: a multi-technique approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17 (9), 3437-3453. doi: 10.5194/hess-17-3437-2013
Hofmann, Harald, Gilfedder, Benjamin S. and Cartwright, Ian (2011). A novel method using a silicone diffusion membrane for continuous 222Rn measurements for the quantification of groundwater discharge to streams and rivers. Environmental Science and Technology, 45 (20), 8915-8921. doi: 10.1021/es202683z
Cartwright, Ian, Hofmann, Harald, Sirianos, Melissa A., Weaver, Tamie R. and Simmons, Craig T. (2011). Geochemical and 222Rn constraints on baseflow to the Murray River, Australia, and timescales for the decay of low-salinity groundwater lenses. Journal of Hydrology, 405 (3-5), 333-343. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.05.030
Tosheva, Zornitza, Kies, Antoine and Hofmann, Harald (2010). Radon in potable waters in Luxembourg. Nukleonika, 55 (4), 583-588.
Tosheva, Z., Hofmann, H. and Kies, A. (2009). Spatial distribution investigation of radioactivity of potable waters in Luxembourg. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 282 (2), 501-505. doi: 10.1007/s10967-009-0294-1
Kies, Antoine, Hofmann, Harald, Tosheva, Zornitza, Hoffmann, Lucien and Pfister, Laurent (2005). Using 222Rn for hydrograph separation in a micro basin (Luxembourg). Annals of Geophysics, 48 (1), 101-107.
Conference Papers
Dyring, Madeleine, Hofmann, Harald, Cendón, Dioni I. and McDougall, Andrew (2022). Hydrogeochemical characterisation of coastal groundwater- dependent ecosystems within the Cooloola Sand Mass, Queensland, Australia. Australian Groundwater Conference, Perth, WA Australia, 21-23 November 2022.
Cao, Wenran, Zhang, Chenming, Zhao, Zicheng, Hofmann, Harald and Li, Ling (2022). Combined field measurements and numerical simulation of iron transport and transformation in a subterranean estuary. Australian Groundwater Conference, Perth, WA Australia, 21-23 November 2022.
Zhao, Zicheng, Zhang, Chenming and Hofmann, Harald (2022). Transport and transformation of iron in subterranean estuary. Australian Groundwater Conference, Perth, WA Australia, 21-23 November 2022.
Rodger, Iain, Hayes, Phil, Hofmann, Harald, Pearce, Julie and Golding, Sue (2022). From old data, new understanding: Advancing conceptualisation of Surat Basin basal GAB aquifers using historical oil and gas data and exploratory modelling. Australian Groundwater Conference, Perth, WA Australia, 21-23 November 2022.
Hofmann, Harald, Raiber, Matthias, Pearce, Julie, Hayes, Phil, Suckow, Axel, Cendon, Dioni, Rodger, Iain and Golding, Sue (2022). Finding the edge: Assessing inter-basin connectivity between the Surat and Clarence-Moreton basins with environmental tracers to define the eastern margin of the Great Artesian Basin. Australian Groundwater Conference, Perth, WA Australia, 21-23 November 2022.
Pearce, J., Hofmann, H., Golding, S., Hayes, P., Baublys, K. and Rodger, I. (2022). Greenhouse gases in deep Great Artesian Basin aquifers. Australasian Groundwater Conference, Perth, WA Australia, 21-24 November 2022.
Baublys, Kim, Harald Hofmann, Golding, Sue and Vink, Sue (2022). A multi-tracer study to examine the fluid-rock and microbial processes controlling the composition of the groundwater and gas of the Walloon Subgroup, Surat Basin. 15th Australian Environmental Isotope Conference, Ballina, NSW Australia, 14-16 Nov 2022.
Pearce, J. K., Baublys, K. A., Golding, S. D., Hofmann, H., Cendon, D., Herbert, S.J., Gargiulo, G. and Hayes, P. J. (2022). Measuring methane concentrations and isotopic tracers in alluvium and aquifers overlying a coal seam methane reservoir. Australasian Environmental Isotope Conference, Ballina, NSW Australia, 13-17 November 2022.
Cao, Wenran, Zhang, Chenming, Zhao, Zicheng, Hofmann, Harald and Li, Ling (2022). Field investigation of iron transformation in the subterranean estuary of a coastal bay. Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 2022 (HWRS 2022): The Past, the Present, the Future, Brisbane, QLD Australia, 30 November - 2 December 2022. Brisbane, QLD Australia: Engineers Australia.
Gontz, Allen, Tibby, John, Marshall, Jonathan, Barr, Cameron and Hofmann, Harald (2021). Initial insights into the evolution and Hydrology of Fern Gully, Minjerribah, Australia. Geological Society of America, Portland, OR United States, 10-13 October 2021.
Pearce, J.K., Hofmann, H., Baublys, K., Golding, S.D., Rodger, I. and Hayes, P. (2021). Groundwater and gas sampling informing hydrogeological conceptualisation of the Precipice and Hutton Sandstone aquifers of the southern Surat Basin. AEGC: Geosciences for a Sustainable World, Brisbane, Australia, 15-17 September 2021.
Pearce, J. K. , Golding, S., Baublys, K., Hofmann, H., Herbert, S. and Hayes, P. (2021). CO2 reduction and fermentation producing in situ CH4 in the majority of sampled GAB aquifers and alluvium overlying a coal seam gas region. AESC, Online , 9-12 February 2021.
Hofmann, Harald, Marshall, Jonathan, Schultz, Cameron and Gontz, Allen (2020). Aquifer source determination for Brown Lake, Minjerribah, suggests that licensed groundwater extraction is not a contributing cause of falling lake water levels. Australian Freshwater Science, Online, 8-10 December 2020.
Macalalad, Joan, Welsh, Kevin, Hofmann, Harald, Krak, Dean and Moss, Patrick (2019). A New Late Glacial Record of Changing Hydrology in Subtropical Queensland Derived from Isotopes of Aquatic Cellulose. American Geophysical Union General Assembly, San Francisco, CA United States, 9-13 December 2019.
Hofmann, Harald and Smith, Grant (2019). Diurnal water level fluctuation in pressure logger data: An evapotranspiration response or a pressure transducer artefact?. Australian Groundwater Conference, Brisbane, QLD Australia, 24-27 November 2019.
Raiber, Matthias, Feitz, Andrew, Flook, Steven, Martinez, Jorge, Schoening, Gerhard, Suckow, Axel and Hofmann, Harald (2019). Strontium isotopes as tracers to assess inter-aquifer and groundwater-surface water exchanges in sedimentary basins: an example from the Surat and Clarence-Moreton basins. Australian Groundwater Conference, Brisbane, QLD Australia, 24-27 November 2019.
Villa Gomez, Denys, Botsch Cellette Gomes, Patrick, Hofmann, Harald, Zhang, Chenming and Williams, David (2018). Assessing biotic and abiotic conditions for understanding bioleaching processes in Zn-Pb-Ag tailings. 11th ICARD | IMWA | WISA MWD 2018 Conference – Risk to Opportunity, Pretoria, South Africa , 10 – 14 September 2018. Pretoria, South Africa: International Mine Water Association/WISA Mine Water Division.
Bloomfield, Gemma, McIntyre, Neil and Hofmann, Harald (2018). Uncertainty analysis of the Chloride Mass Balance approach to regional-scale groundwater recharge estimation. European Geoscience Union, Vienna, Austria, 8-13 April 2018.
Gomez, Denys Villa, Hofmann, Harald, Kerr, Adam, Benjamin Ryan, Peces, M. and Southam, Gordon (2017). Integrated leaching/bioleaching and sulphate reducing processes for metal recovery and treatment of mine tailings. The 9th Acid and Metalliferous Draining Workshop, Burnie, Tasmania, 1 December 2017.
Hofmann, Harald, Newborn, Dean, Cartwright, Ian, Cendón, Dioni and Raiber, Matthias (2017). Understanding groundwater dynamics on barrier islands using geochronological data: An example from North Stradbroke Island, South-east Queensland. European Geoscience Union, Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017.
Rau, Gabriel, Rutlidge, Helen, Anderson, Martin, Unland, Nick, Hofmann, Harald, Gilfedder, Benjamin, Atkinson, Alexander, Cartwright, Ian, Baker, Andy and Acworth, Richard I. (2015). 222-Rn and hydrochemical parameters reveal natural and induced surface groundwater exchange pathways. European Geoscience Union, Vienna, Austria, 11- 15 March 2015.
Hofmann, Harald, Cartwright, Ian, Morgenstern, Uwe and Gilfedder, Benjamin (2014). How old is upland catchment water?. European Geoscience Union, Vienna, 27 April-2 May 2014.
Preprint
Cao, Wenran, Yan, Guanxi, Hofmann, Harald and Scheuermann, Alexander (2024). State-of-the-art on Fe Precipitation in Porous Media: Hydrogeochemical Processes and Evolving Parameters. doi: 10.20944/preprints202403.0842.v1
Research Reports
Hofmann, Harold, Pearce, Julie, Rodger, Iain, Golding, Sue and Hayes, Phil (2021). Hydrogeology of the southern Surat Basin: Final report. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research & Development (ANLEC R&D).
Rodger, I., Pearce, J., Hofmann, H., Golding, S. and Hayes, P. (2020). Hydrogeology of the Southern Surat Basin: memo report 2. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research & Development (ANLEC R&D).
Hofmann, Harald (2020). Aquifer source determination for Brown Lake, Swallow Lagoon and the Golf Club bore, Minjerribah. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Department of Environment and Science.
Marshall, Jonathan , Cousins, Katrina , Lobegeiger, Jaye , Hofmann, Harald , Larsen, Joshua , Starkey, Alisa and Bowlen, John (2015). Waterhole refuge mapping and persistence analysis in the Lower Balonne and Barwon–Darling rivers. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation.